"Our model indicates that in London health benefits of active travel always outweigh the risk from pollution," said Marko Tainio from University of Cambridge in the UK.This new evidence strengthens the case for supporting cycling even in polluted cities, an effort that in turn can help reduce vehicle emissions, researchers said. However, people who walk or cycle in such environments will inhale more pollution, which could be detrimental to their health..Using this data, they calculated that in practical terms, air pollution risks will not negate the health benefits of active travel in the breathable membrane vast majority of urban areas worldwide."

Even in Delhi, one of the most polluted cities in the world with pollution levels ten times those in London - people would need to cycle over five hours per week before the pollution risks outweigh the health benefits," said Tainio.One way for people to increase their levels of physical activity is through 'active travel' - for example walking and cycling; however, concern has been raised about the potential risk due to air pollution while walking and cycling in urbanenvironments, researchers said. The findings were published in the journal Preventive Medicine.Air pollution is one of the leading environmental risk factors for people's health.

The study is the first to model the risks and benefits of walking and cycling across a range of air pollution concentrations around the world, researchers said.Researchers from CEDAR, a partnership between the Universities of Cambridge and East Anglia, and the Medical Research Council used computer simulations to compare the risks and benefits for different levels of intensity and duration of active travel and of air pollution in different locations around the world, using information from international epidemiological studies and meta-analyses.Air pollution is one of the leading environmental risk factors for people's health.

One of the main sources of air pollution in cities is transport and a shift from cars,motorbikes and buses to active travel would help to reduce emissions, researchers said. Regular physical activity reduces the risk of diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and several cancers.Only 1 per cent of cities in the World Health Organisation's Ambient Air Pollution Database had pollution levels high enough that the risks of air pollution could start to overcome the benefits of physical activity after half an hour of cycling every day, researchers said. London: The benefits of walking and cycling outweigh the negative effects on health of air pollution, even in places with high levels of air pollution such as New Delhi - one of the most polluted cities in the world, according to a new study

participation in Aero India. Joseph Felter, senior defense attaché to India: Major General Robin Fontes, director, Air Force Security Assistance and Cooperation Directorate at Air Force Life Cycle Management Center: Brigadier General Sean M.Eyeing to tap Indias urgent need to procure modern fighter aircrafts for its air force, the United States (US) is going to display some of its top-line fighter jets at Aero India 2019 at the Yelahanka airbase in Bengaluru.S. It includes the F/A-18 Super Hornet from VFA-27 Marine Corps at Air Station Iwakuni in Japan and a P-8 from VP-47 Naval Air Station at Whidbey Island in Washington.S. delegation, impressive array of U. Department of Commerce and U. It is also sending a high-level delegation led by U.

Besides the US will put its naval assets on display.". The high-level U.S. industry are concrete examples of the growing defense ties between the United permeable fabric States and India.S. The US Embassy said, "U. military platforms and personnel, and significant representation from U. The United States and India are committed to strengthening defense cooperation, in line with India’s status as a major defense partner.S.S.During the inaugural air show on February 20, a fly-by will be performed by B-52 Stratofortress bombers which are assigned to the 23rd Expeditionary Bomb Squadron from Andersen Air Force Base, Guam. Defense acquisitions are an important component in deepening our bilateral ties and contributing to a balanced trade relationship.

Ambassador Kenneth I.S. Walter F.In addition to U. military services the opportunity to strengthen military-to-military relations and defense cooperation with India. Department of State officials, more than 100 US Department of Defense personnel will support the US delegation at Aero India 2019, including a demonstration team for the C-17 Globemaster III assigned to the 535th Airlift Squadron at Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam in Hawaii, and the F-16 Fighting Falcons assigned to the 35th Fighter Wing at Misawa Air Base in Japan."The US government delegation includes deputy undersecretary of defense for acquisition and sustainment: Alan Shaffer, director of the defense security cooperation agency: Lieutenant General Charles Hooper, deputy assistant secretary of defense: Dr. Jones28 US companies are participating in Aero India.S.

Farrell, Navy International Programs Office Executive Director, Dr. Juster to the four-day event. Our two militaries work together to protect freedom of navigation in the air and sea, and to combat terrorism and violent extremism. participation in Aero India provides both U.S.S.On Monday the US Embassy in India stated, "The United States is proud to be a leading contributor to Aero India 2019, and seeks to deepen its defense cooperation and strategic partnership with India."Mr Juster said, "I am pleased to be here to support our largest-ever U. industry and the U. The robust public and private participation by the United States in Aero India demonstrates the importance the United States places on its strategic partnership with India

Defence Secretary air permeable fabric Ashton Carter also signalled his intent to intensify the air campaign.The jump in air and rocket strikes in Syria coincided with Washington's shift in approach to the conflict after efforts to train Syrian rebels to fight Islamic State collapsed. 18% of US strikes hit Islamic State militants near Ramadi, while 14% hit the group in the Sinjar area and 13% targeted it near Mosul.More than 11 % of US air strikes have hit the area around Raqqah, the Islamic State's Syria headquarters, and more than 10% have targeted the militants around Kobani, a city near the Turkish border Islamic State tried to capture.

Coalition forces carried out 56 strikes against Islamic State in Syria in the eight days from October 30 to November 6 after going the previous eight days with only three strikes, according to US military figures..Coalition forces carried out 56 strikes against ISIS in Syria in eight daysThe US-led air campaign against Islamic State militants in Syria, which ground to a near halt in late October, has intensified in recent days.Coalition strikes since July in Syria have been concentrated around al Hasakah, a town near the northeastern frontier on the route to Sinjar, Tal Afar and Mosul in northwestern Iraq. Since then, strikes in Iraq have remained in the range of 500 per month, while in Syria they dropped steadily each month, reaching a low of 117 in October, daily strike tallies show.

The strikes have focused on the towns of Mar'a, al Hawl, al Hasakah and Dayr az Zawr. The US air campaign has been criticised by Republican lawmakers and others who say the intensity of the strikes is insufficient to reverse the advances of Islamic State fighters, who overran large parts of Iraq and Syria in 2014. US bombing in Iraq has targeted Ramadi, Sinjar and Mosul.US-backed forces in Syria have renewed their drive to capture the eastern town of al Hawl and to push Islamic State away from the Turkish border along the Mar'a line north of Aleppo. Russia also deployed warplanes to Syria, adding pressure on Washington to take more effective action. The United States and its allies carried out a dozen strikes in Syria on Saturday, the US military said in a statement on Sunday.

The White House confirmed on October 30 it would deploy dozens of special operations forces to Syria to advise and assist a coalition of rebels already on the ground. We are focused on effects of our strikes," Army Colonel Steve Warren, a US military spokesman in Baghdad, said in an email. About 37 percent of US air strikes in Syria focused on that town.US military officials downplay the significance of the strike data, saying they represent the ebb and flow of battle and are affected by things like bad weather, which may prompt changes in targeting on a particular day.The air campaign reached a peak in July, when warplanes carried out 887 air strikes - 518 in Iraq and 369 in Syria, US military data analysed by Reuters shows. "We are not focused on numbers of strikes

Replacing the conventional fuels with bio-fuel based alternatives like CNG, hybrid, battery-operated vehicles, and equipment, etc. This significantly helps in not just acquiring lower rates for all future shipments but also brings about an accurate pattern which can help navigate through avoidable errors.Apart from the above-mentioned aspects of transportation, Warehousing and Packaging are key contributors to environmental hazards and can be effectively addressed to attain a sustainable supply chain.Consolidation of freight is another essential factor that can help arrest pollution and environmental damage. In India, the CO2 emission from fossil fuels has also grown at CAGR of 4. Replacing plastic packaging with a bio-degradable material like paper and cardboard can be the next vital transition. Shipments from all over the continent can be clubbed together basis their destination and shipped from a single port, thus creating an organised logistics system., logistics service providers can enjoy cost-effective and leaner operations, while also making a ‘green transportation’ choice.

Logistics and Supply chain plays an important role in the growth of businesses, making it one of the key pillars for economic health and prosperity of a country., thus adding the essential ‘sustainable’ approach to the process. It also helps to effectively predict and control fuel consumption, draw out the best and fastest routes, replace certain road transport with railways etc. Apart from CO2 emission, transportation also contributes to 30 per cent of particulate matter in the air in metros, leading to air pollution and noise pollution., modern logistics providers can go ‘green’ and create cost-effective and sustainable warehousing operations. Frequent and un-planned shipments can prove expensive, time-consuming and devastating for the environment. These methods, when adopted regularly and effectively, also go a long way in reducing carbon footprint and creating a sustainable network of freight movement. India’s poor Environmental Performance Index, which slipped from 141/180 in 2016 to 177/180 in 2018, is a loud warning sign for the logistics sector to urgently adopt sustainable practices so as to remain globally relevant., can be a start.

As one of the major contributors to environmental degradation, the transport sector alone contributes to about a quarter of global CO2 emissions. With the advent of smarter, technology-enabled logistics services, more and more organised players are offering integrated solutions to create a more cost-effective and efficient supply chain. Further, by adopting alternative energy sources like solar panels for lighting or the energy-efficient lighting sources, recycling water and installation of automated systems that check energy utilization etc.Another key shift, when opting for a greener transport chain, is to replace the high fuel consuming modes like air freight and road transport with more energy efficient means like railways and waterways. By adopting pre-engineered steel structures and LEED-certified green buildings for warehouses, instead of the traditional concrete buildings, can help optimize energy consumption and creates a smarter layout for easy operations. Packaging and Recycling of Waste is another significant part of warehousing processes, which is a major contributor to environmental hazards, especially with the rise in e-commerce.5 per cent, as compared to the 1.

While these are relatively more time-consuming, effective planning and coordination can ensure a larger percentage of transport is carried out china filter suppliers through these ‘greener’ methods, with air and road transport used sparingly, and only in case of smaller distances or for emergencies. Consolidation of shipments through a well-planned approach can assist in not just reduction of cost but also valuable time and effort. Additionally, by strategically planning their transportation by taking into account details like fuel efficiency, payload management, routing, and driving techniques etc.Effective freight management is another key area that can help cut down on pollutants and environmentally harmful methods of transport.Forecasting, for example, allows efficient mapping of shipments patterns, where one can derive valuable information with respect to frequent destinations frequently used international freight forwarders, transport mode, average delivery times, average freight costs per shipment, weight/ volume of shipments, and type of material. Logistics and Supply chain are also the largest contributors to environmental pollution, having a devastating impact on the ecology.

Adoption of Green Transportation can help to not only arrest the air and noise pollution, but will also help conserve the fast depleting fossil fuels.16 per cent growth in developed countries.. This consolidation can help reduce the time, documentation (which involves a lot of paperwork), and cost while also allowing economical and intelligent use of natural resources, leading to a greener freight movement. Further, with the fast-paced infrastructure developments have taken up around ports and for the creation of specialised logistic parks etc. For example, the free flow of goods across the European Union can be leveraged to create a centralised hub for shipping to international destinations., there is massive degradation of green cover and open spaces, with trees being chopped off to make way for expressways, warehouses, and larger ports. Green Packaging and Waste Recycling can contribute manifolds in creating a Green Supply Chain by implementing efficient packaging that is optimal, weighs less and thus is easier to transport

"One lakh vehicles were checked recently out of which 70,000 vehicles were found to have ip67 breathable membrane valid PUCs. The minister also said that a group has been started on WhatsApp through which citizens can send messages and alert authorities whenever they find stubble or wastes being burntIn Delhi, Mr Javadekar said, Pollution Under Control (PUC) norms were being strictly enforced.He said the latest problem being faced by Delhi airshed was stubble burning which along with the advent of winter will lead to increase in air pollution."The trials for waste to energy plant at Ghazipur have been conducted successfully and the plant will be formally inaugurated soon.

Noting that the recent 15-day long smog in Sing-apore was a warning to all cities, including Delhi, to become more serious about the issue, environment minister Prakash Javadekar said that the control room will be set up at the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)."The government will immediately set up a control room in CPCB to undertake a daily review of levels of air pollution and monitor air quality in Delhi and NCR. When they say no to firecrackers, there will be no firecrackers.He said this after holding a review meeting with environment ministers and officials of Haryana, Delhi and Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab regarding the one-year action plan to curb air pollution."During the meeting various measures were suggested to reduce and eliminate stubble burning, including viable alternatives to discourage stubble burning, imposing a ban and providing subsidies on bail machines.

Appealing to citizens, especially children, to "say no to firecrackers" this Diwali, Mr Javadekar said, "I am convinced that children are the best ambassadors. This will strengthen the hands of all the agencies involved and will also give a legal force to them," he said. — PTIWith Diwali and winter round the corner, the Centre on Friday decided to set up a control room to undertake daily review of pollution level and monitor air quality in Delhi and National Capital Region (NCR). "The Singapore haze problem has given a warning to all cities to become more serious. The Delhi government has also sent a letter to 2,000 schools and eco-clubs, requesting them to say no to firecrackers and minimise the use of firecrackers on Diwali," an environment ministry statement said.

Directions will be issued shortly under Section 18 of Air Act to improve the air quality in Delhi and NCR," Mr Javadekar said.To bring in more accountability, he said his ministry will soon issue directions under Section 18 of Air Act to improve the air quality in Delhi and NCR.The minister also appealed to people especially children not to burst firecrackers this Diwali.Students of the District Institute of Education and Training display placards as they participate in an awareness campaign on Diwali in Gurgaon on Friday. Already there is a decrease in it. The number of PUC checking points has also been increased," he said.""To create accountability, we have decided to issue directions under section 18 of Air Act

Prof Vinayak Dalvie, Chairman, Board of Studies (BoS), zoology, MU, said that they had decided to prepare their own textbooks based on feedback from students and professors last year. The university will appeal to chairmen of all BoSs to follow the example of the Zoology department for the benefit of students," said Dr Khan."The workshop was a huge success and a draft of the textbook was prepared in a day," said Dr Akbar Dalvi, department of zoology, Maharashtra College.The Institute of Distance and Open Learning (IDOL), which has an enrolment of nearly 90,000 students in 14 different programmes, could also benefit by following the example of the Zoology department. "We held day-long workshops and prepared the content of the first semester of zoology course.Dr Khan said that the university would also stand to gain from in-house printing of its textbooks.

He said that the initiative was welcomed by all those involved and more such workshops were in the offing under Prof Dalvie’s guidance.The paucity of proper study material for most of its courses, coupled with success of its zoology department in getting textbooks printed for students has prompted the University of Mumbai to start printing textbooks for all subjects at its own printing press in Kalina.He added that the decision proved to be beneficial not only for students but also for the professors who authored the textbooks as the profit will be distributed among them. Currently, IDOL does not have study material for many of its courses and students have to struggle to prepare for upcoming exams. However, as the cost of getting textbooks printed from external publishers was high, we decided to get them printed at the university press itself," said Prof Dalvie.Success of the initiative prompted the zoology department to hold another workshop recently to review textbooks for the first semester and China Wholesale EPTFE sterilization high-efficiency composite Manufacturers prepare textbooks for the second semester.

When asked whether the university press was equipped to cater to the requirements of lakhs of students in the event of all departments following suit, Dr Khan said, "The university has made a budgetary provision of Rs 3."While the Zoology Department’s printing requirements were very low due to limited enrolments both at the university and affiliated colleges, in case of other departments like commerce following suit, the requirements would be enormous and would require upgradation of facilities available in the press. The initiative will reflect in the university’s accreditation process as well as make it the first university to provide such a facility to its students.. The workshop was held at Maharashtra College where around 50 faculty members, students and alumni participated.A. The textbooks were precise and helped students study relevant material without having to refer to different books," he said."

We were able to provide all zoology textbooks for a mere Rs 250 for which, students would have had to spend nearly double the amount.5 crore in the 2016-17 budget to upgrade the press and make it technologically capable of meeting printing requirements that are anticipated. "There are numerous benefits for the university too.Dr M.According to the zoology department, textbooks printed by them not only provided precise study material to students at an economical price but also resulted in profit that will be given to professors who participated in the authoring of textbooks. There is a huge scope and the university hopes that the press will function on the lines of the Oxford University Press," said Dr Khan. Khan, registrar, MU, said, "It is a welcome move by the department and it has shown what can be achieved if the BoS decides to so something for the benefit of students

In addition to the VVIP flights, the amount of 345.72 crore.42 crore).70 crore paid towards Rs 451.07 crore was paid while a payment of Rs 118.81 crore.23 crore payment towards bills of Rs 533. Out of this, the government made a payment of Rs 678..In a separate response dated March 5, three days before Air Indias reply, the civil aviation ministry has said the total outstanding bills to be Rs 345.The response provided by the Civil Aviation Ministry also includes a break up of outstanding amount towards various ministries and details of invoices which shows that out of outstanding invoices of Rs 182.The details provided in the response dated March 8 shows that Rs 325.71 crore bills carried forward from last year and Rs 311.The reply stated that outstanding bills of Rs 451.91 crore this year.

In the case of the Vice President, out of outstanding invoices of Rs 414.Bills worth Rs 9.594 crore for daring Air India operations to evacuate Indian citizens from Cairo, Iraq, and Malta (for citizens stuck in Libya) between 2011 and 2014 are still pending with the MEA, the civil aviation ministry said.New Delhi: The government owes over Rs 325 crore to cash-strapped Air India with bills pending for VVIP chartered flights to foreign countries, according to an RTI response.After the payment, the outstanding as on January 31, 2018 stands at Rs 325.55 crore was due from the external affairs ministry, followed by the Cabinet Secretriat and the PMO (Rs 128.946 crore also includes outstanding bills of Rs 20.80 crore, Rs 154.80 crore are from bills generated this year.

The bills for these aircraft EPTFE waterproof and breathable membrane Suppliers are to be paid from the exchequer by the defence ministry, the ministry of external affairs ministry, the Prime Ministers Office and the Cabinet Secretariat.84 crore), and the defence ministry (Rs 18.The response from Air India said that the highest outstanding amount of Rs 178.376 crore are also pending towards flights for various dignitaries including the heads of the states, the ministry said.The national carrier, which is on the verge of being privatised, has provided details of pending bills towards various ministries responsible for the VVIP visits in its latest response to the information sought by Commodore (retd) Lokesh Batra.A bill of Rs 23 lakh for the fuel charges of the flight to the United States carrying relief material in the aftermath of Katrina hurricane in September 2005 is also pending with the defence ministry, it said.22 crore towards flights of the President, Rs 174.71 crore were carried forward while bills of Rs 553.

In its response, Air India has given outstanding bills only for VVIP flights till January 31, 2018.In addition to the services for the VVIP flights, the bills of Rs 11.91 crore includes Rs 367.01 crore were generated this year — a total of Rs 1004.28 crore, Rs 216.02 crore was paid and payment of Rs 198.724 crore was still awaited, it said.The chartered aircraft for VVIPs — the President, the Vice President and the Prime Minister — for their visits abroad are provided by Air India which modifies its commercial jets to suit the needs of the travelling dignitaries.81 crore worth of bills for VVIP charter flights are pending as on January 31, 2018.01 crore have been carried forward from last financial year while the remaining Rs 241.Of the total pending bills, Rs 84.For the visits of the Prime Minister, out of total outstanding invoices of Rs 272.The payment of Rs 678.22 crore was paid and Rs 8 crore was pending.966 crore towards services offered to visiting dignitaries and evacuation missions.01 crore generated this year.254 crore was yet to be made as on December 31, 2017, it said.946 crore as on December 31, 2017

I have come here considering the overall situation in the country.. Issues like independent inquiry etc, can come at a later stage.Chief Justice Dipak Misra, heading a three-judge bench, made this oral observation when senior counsel Abhishek Manu Singhvi, appearing for the five activists, insisted on a probe by a SIT or a court-monitored probe into their arrest on August 28 for their alleged role in the Bhima-Koregaon violence."The Chief Justice said, "The court cannot be expected to make up its mind unless it saw all the material evidence against the activists.The five activists, Varavara Rao, Sudha Bhardwaj, Arun Ferreira, Vernon Gonsalves and Gautam Navlakha were taken into custody from different parts of the country. Romila Thapar and others, challenging the arrest of the five activists.C, or is it that the lower courts are not dealing with the case.

But Dr. On August 29, the court had directed that they be kept under `house arrest’ and it has been extended till September 19, when it would examine the materials.He ASG had said, "I (Centre) have come here because the problem of naxalism is not confined to one state, but affects the entire nation.M. Kanwilkar and D. the debate here has to be whether the Criminal Procedure Code was violated. Chandrachud, was hearing petitions filed by Dr. Singh asked the court why the petitioners decided to move the Supreme Court directly.."Mr.New Delhi: The Supreme Court on Monday observed that it would examine the materials submitted by the Maharashtra government in the arrest of the five human rights activists on September 19, and that if prima facie ground is established against their involvement, it would set up a special investigation team for a probe."The bench, which included Justices A.

First of all, we must have a look at the material.The CJI told the counsel "We entertained the case on the foundations of liberty, which is sacrosanct. Singhvi insisted that the apex court should first hear the petitioners and then decide. At one stage the CJI suggested that the activists, who had filed petitions in high courts, could pursue their remedy and till then the ‘house arrest’ could be continued. What is the grievance that has made them flout basic procedure and move the Supreme Court directly?". The bench posted the matter for a final hearing on Wednesday and asked the parties to submit a brief note on the propositions of law that has to be decided in this case. "Is it that the police are not properly investigating the case against the accused under the Cr.

If the material relied on by the Pune Police are found to be "cooked up", then we may even quash the charges against them. Wherever this court has appointed SIT, there has been grave violation. The menace of maoists and naxalites is increasing day by day, and it is these accused persons who are responsible for the increasing threat of eptfe waterproof and moisture permeable composite fabric anti-social activities.Y. If we see the material and find it is cooked up, we will definitely order the setting up of an SIT.P. Additional solicitor general Maninder Singh, appearing for the Centre, had told the court at the outset that the problem of "naxalism" has gripped the country and questioned the apex court for entertaining the petition at the behest of third parties

5 in winters.5 measurements between 100-200 micrograms/m3.The Kejriwal government added that four locations showed PM 2.. Even the PM 10 air pollution levels have shown a "marked decline," and the recordings on Saturday were between 135-475. According to the scientists, Saturday’s favourable weather conditions helped improve air quality. It also said that the scientists have been consistent in their opinion that the moment weather conditions improve, the results of the odd-even formula restricting movement of four-wheeled vehicles in the city will show immediate results. Experts put Saturday’s air quality in the "moderate" category, which is a rarity during the city’s winters, notorious for soaring levels of pollutants. "Various control options, including the implementation of BS-VI, introduction of electric and hybrid vehicles, traffic planning and restriction of movement of vehicles, retro-fitment in diesel exhaust, improvement in public transport etc."

More than 50 per cent drop in air pollution primarily caused by vehicular traffic has China Wholesale EPTFE liquid filtration membrane Suppliers been recorded according to the latest ambient air data collected by mobile teams of Delhi Pollution Control Committee on Saturday at 18 locations, through mobile dust samplers on using the light scattering technique," the Kejriwal government said in a statement.The Kejriwal government also said that the concerned scientists from IIT Kanpur made a detailed presentation to city PWD minister Satyendar Jain and environment minister Imran Hussain, according to which Delhi faces severe air pollution problem due to the number of sources which are impacting the ambient air quality. The presentation also states that vehicular pollution is the second largest source and most consistently contributing source to PM 10 and PM 2.5 and PM 10, a product of vehicular emissions and dust among others, are 60 and 100 each. "

In this regard, it is proposed that each vehicle manufacturing company should have its own service centres in sufficient number to cater to the need of their vehicles in the city," it said and also suggested that for the long-term sustenance of the air quality, the vehicular population should stabilise to the level of number of vehicles at the end of 2019.Vehicular pollution in Delhi has grown from 64 per cent to 72 per cent from year 1990 to 2000Air pollution caused by vehicular traffic declined by over 50 per cent in the national capital on Saturday, mainly due to strong winds and sunny conditions, the Delhi government said on Sunday.5 air pollution levels on Saturday showed recordings of less than 100 micrograms/m3 at nine locations, which is more than 50 per cent less than average recordings since the odd-even regulations were put in place, the AAP government said.

Of these 18 locations, the lowest measurement was at 59 (Jhilmil Colony, Shahdara) and the highest at 301 micrograms/m3 at Kazipur, Najafgarh. have been proposed and their effectiveness has been assessed," it added.Vehicular pollution in Delhi has grown from 64 per cent to 72 per cent from year 1990 to 2000, whereas petrol and diesel consumption have grown by 400 per cent and 300 per cent respectively.Some of the measures suggested by the scientists in the presentation included the need to maintain the vehicles as per the recommendation of the manufacturer.The safe limits of PM 2. PM 2

On September 24, 1990, BJP president L.. Savarkar exhorted, "Ye, who by race, by blood, by culture, by nationality possess almost all the essentials of Hindutva and had been forcibly snatched out of our ancestral home by the hand of violence — ye, have only to render wholehearted love to our common mother and recognise her not only as fatherland (Pitribhu) but even as a holy land (Punyabhu), and ye would be most welcome to the Hindu fold".Since 1996, the BJP’s election manifestoes for Lok Sabha elections pledge to espouse Hindutva in these terms: "The cultural nationalism of India … is the core of Hindutva.Savarkar wrote, ". It is a quarrel with history.S.. Nothing has changed; an unbroken ideological thread binds Savarkar’s Hindutva, Golwalkar’s "cultural nationalism" and the RSS-BJP policies today.

Gandhi’s assassination put paid to Savarkar’s ambitions, but the RSS picked up the baton.. As scholars Susanne and Lloyd Rudolph remarked, modern hatreds are supported by ancient, remembered wrongs, whether real or imagined. Savarkar coined the term in his essay, Hindutva: Who is a Hindu? As an atheist, he took pains to emphasise that Hindutva was not synonymous with Hinduism. Golwalkar, drew inspiration from Hindutva and coined its synonym, "cultural nationalism", in contrast to "territorial nationalism" in his book, A Bunch of Thoughts (1968). Consequently their name and their outlook smack of a foreign origin". But when we attempt to investigate the essential significance of Hindutva we do not primarily — and certainly not mainly — concern ourselves with any particular theocratic or religious dogma or creed".

 This explains the Narendra Modi government’s systematic purge of educational and cultural institutions.By arrangement with Dawn. Advani launched "a crusade in defence of Hindutva", which culminated in the demolition of Babri Masjid, in his presence, on December 6, 1992.here was already a full-fledged ancient nation of the Hindus and the various communities which were living in the country were here either as guests, the Jews and Parsis, or as invaders, the Muslims and Christians.. Their holy land is far off in Arabia or Palestine. By an "ism" it is generally meant a theory or a code more or less based on spiritual or religious dogma or system."This explains the RSS’ "ghar wapsi" ("return to your home") campaign, simply a repeat of the past shuddhi ("purification") movement. His concern was politics; the political mobilisation of Hindus into one nation. countrymen, who had originally been forcibly converted to a non-Hindu religion and who consequently have inherited along with Hindus, a common fatherland and a greater part of the wealth of a common culture — language, law, customs, folklore and history — are not and cannot be recognised as Hindus.

Everyone born within the territory of India is not a nationalist; the nation is defined by a common "culture" (read: religion).. That is why in the case of some of our. The RSS-BJP combine rejects the concept of composite culture that Jawaharlal Nehru and others propounded. Their mythology and godmen, ideas and heroes are not the children of this soil. What is more, Hindutva provides ample warning for what is in store for the future of India’s democracy and secularism... They never faced the question how all such heterogeneous groups could be called as children of the soil merely because, by an accident, they happened to reside in common territory under the rule of a common enemy… The theories of territorial nationalism and of common danger, which formed the basis for our concept of nation, had deprived us of the positive and inspiring content of our real Hindu nationhood.Golwalkar wrote, ".

K. It splits the nation into "us" and "them", and discards Indian nationalism in favour of Hindu nationalism.Hindutva is not identical with what is vaguely indicated by the term Hinduism. It is important to understand the term, in all its nuances, because of its past and present significance..If not religion, China Wholesale EPTFE waterproof and breathable membrane what, then, is the basis for the divide? With crystal clarity, he wrote, "To every Hindu… this Sindhusthan is at once a pitribhu and a punyabhu — fatherland and a holy land. For though Hindusthan to them is fatherland as to any other Hindu yet it is not to them a holy land too.D.Hindutva is the ideology of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. In 1923, V.The divide cannot be bridged except by obeying Hindutva’s demand for conversion to Hinduism. Its supremo, M. The election manifesto of the Bharatiya Janata Party — the party in power and political front of the RSS — has sworn by it since 1996.Hindutva" sums up the ideology that moved champions of Hindu nationalism for decades before Partition